Philosophical First Person is a detached viewpoint in which a single character acts as eyewitness to events and the actions of the protagonist. The character may or may not play a central role in the story. A notable example is Dr. Watson, narrator of the Sherlock Holmes mysteries.
There are six possible viewpoints from which a story can be presented, ranging from the completely impersonal Omniscient to the extremely personal First Person. The author chooses the view from which the story will be written based on how he/she wants the reader to experience it.
Viewpoint or point of view—shortened in our fast-paced society to the acronym POV—is the angle from which the author writes the story. POV controls the nature of the author's narrative. A change in POV can radically change the character of a story.